Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Minneapolis shopping experience:
1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Minneapolis offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Minneapolis at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.
2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about
3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Minneapolis? Wrong! If the Minneapolis is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.
4. Questions - Got a question about Minneapolis then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Minneapolis? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Minneapolis and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.
6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Minneapolis wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your Minneapolis then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Minneapolis site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about Minneapolis, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your Minneapolis, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
{{Infobox Settlement|official_name = Minneapolis, Minnesota|settlement_type =
City seen from the [North Loop, Minneapolis|image_flag = Cityflag2.gif|image_seal = Mplsseal.gif|image_map = Hennepin_County_Minnesota_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Minneapolis_Highlighted.svg|mapsize = 250x200px|map_caption = Location in
Hennepin County, Minnesota and the state of Minnesota|subdivision_type1 = [Political divisions of the United States|subdivision_type2 =
List of counties in Minnesota|subdivision_name = United States|subdivision_name2 = [Hennepin County, Minnesota|government_type =|leader_title = List of mayors of Minneapolis|leader_name =
R.T. Rybak (
Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party)|established= Founded|established_date = 1867|area_magnitude = 1 E8|area_total_sq_mi = 58.4|area_land_sq_mi = 54.9|area_water_sq_mi = 3.5|area_water_percent =|area_total_km2 = 151.3|area_land_km2 = 142.2|area_water_km2 = 9.1|population_as_of = 2006|population_footnotes = |population_total = 387970|population_metro = 3502891|population_density_km2 = 2728|population_density_sq_mi = 7067|timezone =
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Geographic Names Information System feature ID|blank1_info = 0655030|footnotes =-->
Minneapolis (pronounced ) is the largest city in the U.S. state of
Minnesota and is the county seat of Hennepin County, Minnesota. The city lies on both banks of the
Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins
Saint Paul, Minnesota, the state's
capital. Known as the
Twin Cities, these two cities form the core of Minneapolis-St. Paul, the fifteenth largest
metropolitan area in the United States, with about 3.5 million residents. The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the population of the city of Minneapolis at 372,811 people in 2005. The
Metropolitan Council estimate for 2006 was 387,970.
Abundantly rich in water, the city has twenty lakes and wetlands, the Mississippi riverfront, creeks and waterfalls, many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the
Grand Rounds Scenic Byway. Once the world's
flour milling capital and a hub for timber, Minneapolis is the primary business center between
Chicago, and Seattle, Washington. regional theatre in the United States was pioneered at the
Guthrie Theater, one of many cultural organizations that draw creative people and audiences to Minneapolis for theater, visual art, writing and music. A diverse population, the community has a long tradition of charitable support through progressive public social programs and through private and corporate
philanthropy. Public
park systems are modeled after Minneapolis where a park is within one-half mile (800
metre) of every home.
The name
Minneapolis is attributed to the city's first schoolmaster, who combined
mni, the
Dakota language word for
water, and
polis, the
Greek language word for city. and Minneapolis is nicknamed the
City of Lakes and the
Mill City.
History
was among the 121
Sioux leaders who from 1837 to 1851 ceded what is now Minneapolis.. and and and
Dakota
Sioux were the region's sole residents until
explorers arrived from France in about 1680. Nearby
Fort Snelling, Minnesota, built between 1820 and 1825 by the United States Army spurred growth in the area. Circumstances pressed the Mdewakanton band of the Dakota to sell their land, allowing people arriving from the east to settle there. The Minnesota Territorial Legislature authorized present day Minneapolis as a town on the Mississippi's west bank in 1856. Minneapolis incorporated as a city in 1867, the year rail service began between Minneapolis and Chicago, and joined with the east bank city of St. Anthony in 1872. and , and and .
,
Pillsbury Company, 1939. Photo by John VachonMinneapolis grew up around
Saint Anthony Falls, the only
waterfall on the Mississippi. Millers have used
hydropower since the 1st century B.C., but the results in Minneapolis between 1880 and 1930 were so remarkable the city has been described as "the greatest direct-drive waterpower center the world has ever seen." In early years,
forests in northern Minnesota were the source of a lumber industry that operated seventeen
saw mills on power from the waterfall. By 1871, the west river bank had twenty-three businesses including flour mills, woolen mills, iron works, a railroad machine shop, and mills for cotton, paper, sashes, and planing wood. The farmers of the Great Plains grew grain that was shipped by rail to the city's thirty-four grist mill where
Pillsbury Company and General Mills became processors. By 1905 Minneapolis delivered almost 10% of the country's
flour and grist.{{cite book] made enough flour for twelve million loaves of bread each day.
Minneapolis made dramatic changes to rectify
discrimination as early as 1886 when Martha Ripley founded Maternity Hospital for both married and unmarried mothers. When the country's fortunes turned during the
Great Depression, the violent
Minneapolis Teamsters Strike of 1934 resulted in laws acknowledging worker's rights. A lifelong
civil rights activist and union supporter, mayor
Hubert H. Humphrey helped the city establish
Fair Employment Practices Commission and a human relations council that interceded on behalf of minority groups by 1946. Minneapolis contended with
white supremacy, participated in desegregation and the
African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955-1968), and in 1968 was the birthplace of the American Indian Movement. and
During the 1950s and 1960s as part of
urban renewal, the city razed about two hundred buildings across twenty-five city blocks—roughly 40% of downtown, destroying the
Gateway District (Minneapolis) and many buildings with notable architecture including the
Metropolitan Building. Efforts to save the building failed but are credited with jumpstarting interest in historic preservation in the state.
Geography and climate
formed Saint Anthony Falls near
Fort Snelling about ten thousand years ago. Rushing water undercut
sandstone and collapsed
limestone, moving the falls eight miles (13 km) to the northwest.Minneapolis history and the city's economic growth are tied to water, the city's defining physical characteristic, which was sent to the region during the Wisconsin glaciation. Fed by receding
glaciers and
Lake Agassiz ten thousand years ago, torrents of water from a
Glacial River Warren undercut the Mississippi and Minnehaha riverbeds, creating waterfalls important to modern Minneapolis. and Lying on an artesian aquifer and otherwise flat terrain, Minneapolis has a total area of 58.4
square mile (151.3 square kilometre) and of this 6% is water. and Water is managed by drainage basin districts that correspond to the Mississippi and the city's three
stream. Twelve lakes, three large ponds and five unnamed wetlands are within Minneapolis.
frozen in winter. Ice blocks deposited in valleys by retreating glaciers created the lakes of Minneapolis.The city center is located just south of 45° N latitude. The city's lowest elevation of 686 ft (209 m) is near where Minnehaha Creek meets the Mississippi River. The site of the Prospect Park, Minneapolis Water Tower is often cited as the city's highest point and and and a placard in Deming Heights Park denotes the highest elevation, but a spot at 974 ft (296.8 m) in or near Waite Park in Northeast, Minneapolis is corroborated by Google Earth as the highest ground.
The climate of Minneapolis is typical of the Upper Midwest. Winters can be cold and dry, while summer is comfortably warm although at times it can be hot and humid. On the Köppen climate classification, Minneapolis falls in the warm summer humid continental climate zone (
Dfa). The city experiences a full range of precipitation and related weather events, including
snow,
sleet,
ice, rain,
thunderstorms,
tornadoes, and
fog. The warmest temperature ever recorded in Minneapolis was 108 °F (42.2 °C) in
1936 North American heat wave, and the coldest temperature ever recorded was -41 °F (-40.6 °C), in January 1888. The snowiest winter of record was 1983–84, when 98.4 in (2.5 m) of snow fell.
Because of its northerly location in the United States and lack of large bodies of water to moderate the air, Minneapolis is sometimes subjected to cold Arctic
air masses, especially during late December, January & February. The average annual temperature of 45.4 °F (7 °C) gives the Minneapolis–St.Paul metropolitan area the coldest annual mean temperature of any major metropolitan area in the continental U.S.45.4 °F for 1971 through 2000 per U.S. Census who cites or 44.6 °F per
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;width:100%;line-height:120%"! colspan="26" |Monthly Normal and Record High and Low Temperatures|-! ! colspan="13" |°Fahrenheit
! ! colspan="13" |°Celsius|-!! Jan! Feb! Mar! Apr! May! Jun! Jul! Aug! Sep! Oct! Nov! Dec!! Jan! Feb! Mar! Apr! May! Jun! Jul! Aug! Sep! Oct! Nov! Dec|-! Rec High| 58| 61| 83| 95| 96| 102| 105| 102| 98| 90| 77| 68! Rec High| 14| 16| 28| 35| 36| 39| 41| 39| 37| 32| 25| 20|-! Norm High| 22| 28| 41| 57| 70| 79| 83| 80| 71| 58| 40| 26! Norm High| -6| -2| 5| 14| 21| 26| 28| 27| 22| 14| 4| -3|-! Norm Low| 4| 12| 24| 36| 49| 58| 63| 61| 51| 39| 25| 11! Norm Low| -16| -11| -4| 2| 9| 14| 17| 16| 11| 4| -4| -7|-! Rec Low| -34| -32| -32| 2| 18| 34| 43| 39| 26| 13| -17| -29! Rec Low| -37| -36| -36| -17| -8| 1| 6| 4| -3| -11| -27| -34|-! Precip (in)| 1| 1| 2| 2| 3| 4| 4| 4| 3| 2| 2| 1! Precip (mm)| 26| 20| 47| 59| 82| 110| 103| 103| 68| 54| 49| 25|}
Demographics
dance. Immigrants from Europe arrived beginning in the 1860s.During the 1850s and 1860s, new settlers arrived in Minneapolis from New England and New York, and during the mid-1860s, Scandinavians from
Sweden, Norway, and
Denmark began to call the city home. Later, immigrants came from
Germany, Italy,
Greece, Poland, and southern and eastern Europe. Jews from Russia and eastern Europe settled primarily on the north side of the city before moving in large numbers to the western suburbs in the 1950s and 1960s. Asians came from China, the Philippines, Japan, and
Korea. Two groups came for a short while during U.S. government relocations, Japanese during the 1940s, and
Native Americans in the United States during the 1950s. From 1970 onward, Asians arrived from
Vietnam,
Laos, Cambodia, and Thailand. Beginning in the 1990s, a large
Latino population arrived, along with refugees from
Africa, especially from Somalia.
Into the 21st century, Minneapolis continues its heritage of welcoming newcomers. The metropolitan area is an immigrant gateway with a 127% increase in foreign-born residents between 1990 and 2000.
. Minneapolitans have ancestors from five continents.U.S. Census Bureau estimates in 2005 show the population of Minneapolis to be 372,811, a 2.6% drop since the 2000 census. The
Metropolitan Council estimates the population at 387,711 in 2005, and 387,970 in 2006. The population grew until 1950 when the census peaked at 521,718, and then declined as people moved to the suburbs until about 1990. The number of African-Americans, Asians, and Hispanics is growing. Non-whites are now about one fifth of the city's residents.
Compared to the U.S. national average in 2005, the city has fewer white, Hispanic, senior, and unemployed people, while it has more people aged over 18 and more with a college degree.
Compared to a peer group in 2000, the metropolitan area is decentralizing, with a high
churn rate and a large young and white population and low unemployment. Racial and ethnic minorities lag behind white counterparts in education, with 15% of black and 13% of Hispanic people holding bachelor's degrees compared to 42% of the white population. The standard of living is on the rise, with incomes among the highest in the
Midwestern United States, but median household income among black people is below that of white by over $17,000. Home ownership among black and Hispanic residents is half that of white, and one-third of the Asian population lives below the poverty line.{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;width:100%;text-align:center;line-height:120%"! colspan=17 | U.S. Census Population Estimates|-! Year|
United States Census, 1860|
United States Census, 1870| United States Census, 1880|
United States Census, 1890| United States Census, 1900|
United States Census, 1910|
United States Census, 1920|
United States Census, 1930|
United States Census, 1940| United States Census, 1950|
United States Census, 1960|
United States Census, 1970| United States Census, 1980| United States Census, 1990| United States Census, 2000| 2005|-! Population| style="background:#ddd; color:#000;" | 3,000| style="background:#ddd; color:#000;" | 13,000| style="background:#ddd; color:#000;" | 46,887| style="background:#ddd; color:#000;" | 164,738| style="background:#ddd; color:#000;" | 202,718| style="background:#ddd; color:#000;" | 301,408| style="background:#ddd; color:#000;" | 380,582| style="background:#ddd; color:#000;" | 464,356| style="background:#ddd; color:#000;" | 492,370| style="background:#ddd; color:#000;" | 521,718| 482,872| 434,400| 370,951| 368,383| style="background:#ddd; color:#000;" | 382,618| style="background:#ddd; color:#000;" | 372,811|-! U.S. Rank| -| -| style="background:#ddd; color:#000;" | 38| style="background:#ddd; color:#000;" | 18| 19| style="background:#ddd; color:#000;" | 18| style="background:#ddd; color:#000;" | 18| style="background:#ddd; color:#000;" | 15| 16| 17| 25| 32| 34| 42| -| -|}
Economy
's 350,000 employees operate about 1,500 retail stores in 47 U.S. states.The economy of Minneapolis today is based in commerce, finance, rail and trucking services, health care, and industry. Smaller components are in publishing, milling, food processing, graphic arts, insurance, and high technology. Industry produces metal and automotive products, chemical and agricultural products, electronics, computers, precision medical instruments and devices, plastics, and machinery.
towers reflected in 225 South SixthFive Fortune 500 headquarters are in Minneapolis proper:
Target Corporation,
U.S. Bancorp, Xcel Energy, Ameriprise Financial and
Thrivent Financial for Lutherans.
Fortune 1000 companies in Minneapolis include
PepsiAmericas, Valspar Corporation and Donaldson Company. Apart from government, the city's largest employers are Target,
Wells Fargo, Ameriprise, Marshall Field's, Star Tribune, U.S. Bancorp, Xcel Energy,
IBM, Piper Jaffray, Royal Bank of Canada,
ING Group and Qwest.
Availability of Wi-Fi, transportation solutions, medical trials, university research and development expenditures, advanced degrees held by the work force, and energy conservation are so far above the national average that in 2005,
Popular Science named Minneapolis the "Top Tech City" in the U.S. Minneapolis ranked the country's second best city in a 2006
Kiplinger's Personal Finance poll of
Smart Places to Live and one of the
Seven Cool Cities for young professionals. and
The Twin Cities contribute 63.8% of the gross state product of Minnesota. The area's $145.8 billion gross metropolitan product and its per capita personal income rank fourteenth in the U.S. Recovering from the nation's recession in 2000,
personal income in the United States grew 3.8% in 2005, though it was behind the national average of 5%. The city returned to peak employment during the fourth quarter of that year. and
The Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, with one branch in Helena, Montana, serves Minnesota, Montana,
North Dakota and South Dakota, and parts of
Wisconsin and
Michigan. The smallest of the twelve regional banks in the Federal Reserve System, it operates a nationwide payments system, oversees member banks and bank holding companies, and serves as a banker for the U.S. Treasury. and The
Minneapolis Grain Exchange founded in 1881 is still located near the riverfront and is the only exchange for hard red spring wheat
futures exchange and
option (finance)s.
Arts
is one of America's few major art museums with free admission (except special exhibits).
The region is second only to New York City in live theater per capita and is the third-largest theater market in the U.S., supporting the Theatre de la Jeune Lune, Illusion, Jungle, Mixed Blood Theatre Company, Penumbra, the Brave New Workshop, the Minnesota Dance Theatre, Theater Latté Da,
In the Heart of the Beast Theatre, and the Children's Theatre Company. and French architect Jean Nouvel designed a new three stage complex for the Guthrie Theatre, the prototype alternative to
Broadway theatre founded in Minneapolis in 1965. and Minneapolis purchased and renovated the
The Historic Orpheum Theatre, State, and
Pantages Theatre (Minneapolis) vaudeville and film houses on
Hennepin Avenue now used for concerts and plays. In 2007, a fourth renovated theater will join the
Hennepin Center for the Arts to become the Minnesota Shubert Performing Arts and Education Center, a home to twenty performing arts groups and a provider of Web-based art education.
The Minneapolis Institute of Arts, built in 1915 in south central Minneapolis is the largest art museum in the city with 100,000 pieces in its permanent collection. A new wing designed by
Michael Graves was completed in 2006 for contemporary and modern works and more gallery space. The Walker Art Center near downtown doubled its size with an addition in 2005 by
Herzog & de Meuron and is continuing its expansion to 15 acres (.06
square kilometre) with a park designed by Michel Desvigne across the street from the Minneapolis Sculpture Garden. The Weisman Art Museum, designed by
Frank Gehry for the University of Minnesota, opened in 1993. An addition, also designed by Gehry, is expected to open in 2009.
studied at the
Minnesota Dance Theatre through the Minneapolis Public Schools. and The son of a jazz musician and a singer,
Prince (musician) is Minneapolis' most famous musical progeny. With fellow local musicians, many of whom recorded at
Twin/Tone Records, he helped make First Avenue and the
7th Street Entry venues of choice for both artists and audiences. The
Minnesota Orchestra plays classical and popular music at
Orchestra Hall (Minneapolis) under music director Osmo Vänskä who has set about making it the best in the country. The Minnesota Opera produces both classic and new operas. Celebrating its 100th year, the MacPhail Center for Music is building a new facility near the riverfront.
Tom Waits released two songs about the city,
Christmas Card from a Hooker in Minneapolis (
Blue Valentine 1978) and
9th & Hennepin (
Rain Dogs 1985). Home to the
MN Spoken Word Association, the city has garnered notice for rap and hip hop music and its spoken word community. The underground hip-hop group
Atmosphere (music group) frequently comments in song lyrics on the city and Minnesota.Atmosphere (
January 4 2005). "I Wish Those Cats @ Fobia Would Give Me Some Free Shoes" and "Sep Seven Game Show Them" and "7th St. Entry" on
Headshots: SE7EN remastered.
Rhymesayers Entertainment, ASIN: B0006SSRXS lyrics.
Sports
catcher Joe Mauer at bat, Hubert H. Humphrey MetrodomeProfessional sports are well-established in Minneapolis. First playing in 1884, the
Minneapolis Millers baseball team produced the best won-lost record in their league at the time and contributed fifteen players to the Baseball Hall of Fame. During the 1940s and 1950s the
Los Angeles Lakers basketball team, the city's first in the major leagues in any sport, won six basketball championships in three leagues before moving to Los Angeles. The
American Wrestling Association, formerly the
National Wrestling Alliance Minneapolis Boxing & Wrestling Club, operated in Minneapolis from 1960 until the 1990s.
The Minnesota Vikings and the
Minnesota Twins arrived in the state in 1961. The Vikings were an National Football League
expansion team and the Twins were formed when the
Minnesota Twins relocated to Minnesota. Both teams played outdoors in open air
Metropolitan Stadium in the suburb of Bloomington for twenty years before moving to the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome, where the Twins won the
World Series in
1987 World Series and 1991 World Series. The
Minnesota Timberwolves brought NBA basketball back to Minneapolis in 1989, followed by the
Minnesota Lynx WNBA team in 1999. They play in Target Center. The
NHL ice hockey team
Minnesota Wild and
USL First Division soccer team
Minnesota Thunder play in St. Paul, Minnesota.
basketballThe downtown Metrodome, opened in 1982, is the largest sports stadium in Minnesota. The three major tenants are the Vikings, the Twins and the university's Minnesota Golden Gophers football team. The Metrodome is the only stadium in the country to have hosted a
Major League Baseball All-Star Game, the Super Bowl, the
World Series, and NCAA Final Four.
running, walkers, inline skaters, coed
volleyball teams, and touch football teams all have access to "The Dome". Events from sports to concerts, community activities, religious activities, and trade shows are held more than three hundred days per year, making the facility one of the most versatile stadiums in the world. and
Gifted amateur athletes have played in Minneapolis schools, notably starting in the 1920s and 1930s at Central,
De La Salle High School, and Marshall high schools. Since the 1930s, the Golden Gophers have won national championships in men's baseball, boxing, football, golf, gymnastics, ice hockey, indoor and outdoor track, swimming and wrestling and women's gymnastics, ice hockey, indoor track and swimming. and and
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;width:100%;text-align:center;line-height:120%"|-! colspan=5 | Professional Sports in Minneapolis|-! Club !! Sport !! League !! Venue !! Championships|-|
Minnesota Lynx ] ||
Women's National Basketball Association Western Conference ] |||-|
Minnesota Timberwolves ] || National Basketball Association Western Conference (NBA) ||
Target Center ] ||
Baseball ]
American League ] || World Series
1987 World Series and 1991 World Series
|-| Minnesota Vikings ] || National Football League National Football Conference ]|}
Parks and recreation
May Day Parade,
Powderhorn Park, MinneapolisThe Minneapolis park system has been called the best-designed, best-financed and best-maintained in America. Foresight, donations and effort by community leaders enabled Horace Cleveland to create his finest
landscape architecture, preserving geographical landmarks and linking them with
boulevards and
parkways. and The city's Chain of Lakes (Minneapolis) is connected by bike, running, and walking paths and used for swimming, fishing, picnics, boating, and ice skating. A
parkway for cars, a
bikeway for riders, and a walkway for pedestrians run parallel paths along the 52 mile (83
kilometre) route of the Grand Rounds Scenic Byway.
Theodore Wirth is credited with the development of the parks system that brought a playground within the reach of most children, the city's canopy of trees, and a park within six blocks of each home. Today 15% of the city is parks and there are 770 square feet (71 m²) of parkland for each resident. and
is part of a 193 acre (.78
square kilometre) city park rather than an urban area, because the waterpower provided by the falls was overshadowed by that of
St. Anthony Falls a few miles upriver and its popularity after
Longfellow's poem
Song of Hiawatha brought visitors to the falls.Parks are interlinked in many places and the
Mississippi National River and Recreation Area connects regional parks and visitor centers. The country's oldest public wildflower garden, the Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden and Bird Sanctuary is near
Theodore Wirth Park which is shared with Golden Valley, Minnesota and is about 60% the size of Central Park in New York City. and Site of the 53-foot (16 m) Minnehaha Falls, Minnehaha Park is one of the city's oldest and most popular parks, receiving over 500,000 visitors each year. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow named Hiawatha's wife Minnehaha for the Minneapolis waterfall in his
The Song of Hiawatha, a bestselling and often-parodied 19th century poem.
Runner's World ranks Minneapolis America's sixth best city for runners. The Twin Cities Marathon run in Minneapolis and St. Paul every October draws 250,000 spectators. The 26.2 mile (42 km) race is a Boston Marathon and United States at the Olympics Trials qualifier. The organizers sponsor three more races: a Kids Marathon, a 1 mile (1.6 km), and a 10 mile (16 km). Minneapolis is home to more golfers per capita than any major U.S. city. Five
golf courses are located within the city, with nationally renowned
Hazeltine National Golf Club, Bearpath Country Club, and Bunker Hills Golf Course in nearby suburbs. The state of Minnesota has the nation's highest number of cycling,
sport fishing, and skiing per capita. Hennepin County has the second-highest number of horses per capita in the U.S. While living in Minneapolis, Scott and Brennan Olson founded (and later sold)
Rollerblade, the company that popularized the sport of inline skates.
Government
, one of the eighty one neighborhoods of MinneapolisMinneapolis is a stronghold for the
Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (DFL), an affiliate of the Democratic Party (United States). The
Minneapolis City Council holds the most power and represents the city's thirteen districts called ward (politics)#United States. The council has twelve DFL members and one from the Green Party of Minnesota. R.T. Rybak also of the DFL is the current List of mayors of Minneapolis. The office of mayor is relatively weak but has some power to appoint individuals such as the chief of
police. Parks, libraries, taxation, and public housing are semi-independent boards and levy their own taxes and fees subject to Board of Estimate and Taxation limits. and and and
Citizens have a unique and powerful influence in neighbourhood government. Neighborhoods coordinate activities under the Neighborhood Revitalization Program (NRP), funded in the 1990s by the city and state who appropriated $400 million for it over twenty years. Minneapolis is divided into communities, each containing neighborhoods. In some cases two or more neighborhoods act together under one organization. Some areas are commonly known by nicknames of business associations. and
The organizers of Earth Day scored Minneapolis ninth best overall and second among mid-sized cities in their 2007
Urban Environment Report, a study based on indicators of environmental health and their effect on people.
Early Minneapolis experienced a period of corruption in local government and crime was common until an economic downturn in the mid 1900s. Since 1950 the population decreased and much of downtown was lost to urban renewal and highway construction. The result was a "moribund and peaceful" environment until the 1990s. Along with economic recovery the murder rate climbed. The
Minneapolis Police Department imported a computer system from
New York City that sent officers to high crime areas despite accusations of racial profiling; the result was a drop in major crime. Since 1999 the number of homicides increased during four years, and to its highest in recent history in 2006. Politicians debate the causes and solutions, including increasing the number of police officers, providing youths with alternatives to gangs and drugs, and helping families in poverty. For 2007, the city invested in public safety infrastructure, hired over forty new officers, and has a new police chief, Tim Dolan. and
Education
teaching
Weisman Art Museum,
Coffman Memorial Union and teaching University of Minnesota Medical Center
Minneapolis Public Schools enroll 36,370 students in public primary education and
secondary education schools. The district administers about one hundred public schools including forty-five
elementary schools, seven
middle schools, seven high schools, eight
special education schools, eight
alternative schools, nineteen contract alternative schools and five
charter schools. With authority granted by the state legislature, the
school board makes policy, selects the superintendent, and oversees the district's budget, curriculum, personnel, and facilities. Students speak ninety different languages at home and most school communications are printed in English, Hmong, Spanish, and Somali. and and Besides public schools, the city is home to more than twenty private schools and academies and about twenty additional charter schools. and
Minneapolis' collegiate scene is dominated by the main campus of the University of Minnesota where more than 50,000 undergraduate, graduate, and professional students attend twenty colleges, schools, and institutes. Created in 1851 as a preparatory school, the university is noted for engineering, applied mathematics, management, health, and economics and administers more than 140 research facilities. A
Big Ten Conference school and home of the Golden Gophers, the U of M is the fourth List of largest United States universities by enrollment in the U.S. in terms of enrollment.
Minneapolis Community and Technical College, the private Dunwoody College of Technology, and
Art Institutes International Minnesota provide career training.
Augsburg College,
Minneapolis College of Art and Design,
North Central University, and University of St. Thomas (Minnesota) are private four-year colleges. Capella University, Minnesota School of Professional Psychology, and
Walden University are headquartered in Minneapolis and some others including the public four-year Metropolitan State University have campuses there.
The Minneapolis Public Library system operates the city's public libraries. It faced a severe budget shortfall for 2007, and has been forced to close three of its neighborhood libraries. A merger with Hennepin County Library is proposed but not funded. The new downtown Central Library designed by
César Pelli opened in 2006. Ten special collections hold over 25,000 books and resources for researchers, including the Minneapolis Collection and the Minneapolis Photo Collection. At recent count 1,696,453 items in the system are used annually and the library answers over 500,000 research and fact-finding questions each year.
Transportation
The collapse of the eight-lane
I-35W Mississippi River bridge over the Mississippi on 2007-08-01 killed thirteen people and injured about one hundred. The tragedy revealed that seventy thousand or 12% of the bridges in the U.S. had the same deficiency rating in 2006. and Half of Minneapolis-Saint Paul residents work in the city where they live. Most residents drive automobiles but 60% of the 160,000 people working downtown commute by means other than a single person per auto. Alternative transportation is encouraged. The
Metropolitan Council's
Metro Transit (Minnesota), which operates the light rail system and most of the city's buses, provides free travel vouchers through the
Guaranteed Ride Home program to allay fears that commuters might otherwise be occasionally stranded if, for example, they work late hours. The Hiawatha Line LRT serves 34,000 riders daily and connects the Minneapolis-St. Paul International Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport and
Mall of America to downtown. and The planned
Central Corridor (Minnesota) LRT will connect downtown with the University of Minnesota and downtown St. Paul via University Avenue (Minneapolis-St. Paul). Expected completion is in 2014.
Seven miles (11 km) of enclosed pedestrian bridges called
skyways link eighty city blocks downtown. Second floor restaurants and retailers connected to these passageways are open weekdays. and
The taxicab ordinance requires 10% wheelchair accessibility by 2009 and some use of alternative fuel or fuel efficient vehicles. Starting in 2011 the city's limit of 343 taxis will be lifted.
LRT bicycle rackTen thousand cyclists use the bike lanes in the city each day, and many ride in the winter. The Public Works Department expanded the
bicycle trail system from the
Grand Rounds Scenic Byway to 56 miles (90 km) of off-street commuter trails including the
Midtown Greenway, the Light Rail Trail, Kenilworth Trail, Cedar Lake Trail and the West River Parkway Trail along the Mississippi. Minneapolis also has 34 miles (54 km) of dedicated bike lanes on city streets and encourages cycling by equipping transit buses with bike racks and by providing online bicycle maps. Many of these trails and bridges, such as the
Stone Arch Bridge, were former railroad lines that have now been converted for bicycles and pedestrians. In 2007 citing the city's bicycle lanes, buses and LRT,
Forbes identified Minneapolis the world's fifth cleanest city.
Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport (MSP) sits on 3,400 acres (13.7
square kilometre) southeast of the city between
Minnesota State Highway 5,
Interstate 494,
Minnesota State Highway 77, and
Minnesota State Highway 62 (east). The airport serves three international, twelve domestic, seven charter and four regional carriers and is a hub and home base for
Northwest Airlines, Mesaba Airlines, Sun Country Airlines and
Champion Air.
Amtrak's
Empire Builder between Chicago and Seattle stops once daily in each direction at nearby
Midway (Amtrak station) in St. Paul. Expected to open in 2009, a commuter rail line, the Northstar Corridor between downtown and
Big Lake, Minnesota has been funded. It will utilize existing railroad tracks and will serve a projected 5,000 daily commuters.
Media
satellite dishesFour major newspapers are published in Minneapolis: the daily Minneapolis
Star Tribune, the
Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder,
Finance and Commerce, and the university's
Minnesota Daily. A fifth newspaper,
MinnPost.com is expected to open later in 2007. Other publications are the
City Pages weekly, the
Mpls.St.Paul,
Minnesota Monthly, and
The Rake monthlies, and
Utne Magazine magazine. Minneapolis is a center for printing and publishing and was a natural place for artists to build the Loft Literary Center and the Minnesota Center for Book Arts. The city is ranked America's second most literate.
The New York Times said in 1996, "Now there are T-shirts that read, 'Murderapolis,'" a name for the city that members of the local media have mistakenly attributed to the paper. and and
radio, Cedar-Riverside, Minneapolis, is a
Public access television station.Minneapolis has a mix of radio stations and healthy listener support for public radio but in the commercial market, a single organization
Clear Channel Communications operates seven stations. Listeners support three non-profit stations, the Minneapolis Public Schools and the University of Minnesota each operate a station, the networks broadcast on affiliate stations, and religious organizations run two stations. and
The city's first television was broadcast by the St. Paul station and
American Broadcasting Company affiliate
KSTP-TV. The first to broadcast in color was
WCCO-TV, the
CBS affiliate which is located in downtown Minneapolis. The city also receives
Fox Broadcasting Company,
NBC,
Public Broadcasting Service, MyNetworkTV and
The CW Network through their affiliates and one independent station. Twins Brandon and Brenda Walsh were from Minneapolis on the TV series
Beverly Hills, 90210.
American Idol held auditions for its sixth season in Minneapolis in 2006 and
Last Comic Standing held auditions for its fifth season in Minneapolis in 2007. A statue of Mary Tyler Moore downtown on the Nicollet Mall commemorates the 1970s television situation comedy fictionally based in Minneapolis,
The Mary Tyler Moore Show. It was awarded three
Golden Globe Awards and thirty-one
Emmy Awards.and
Religion and charity
in Loring Park across I-94 from the
Minneapolis Sculpture GardenThe Dakota believed in the
Great Spirit and were surprised that not all European settlers were religious. Over fifty denominations and religions and some well known churches have since been established in Minneapolis. Those who arrived from
New England were for the most part Christian
Protestants,
Quakers, and Universalists. The oldest continuously used church in the city, Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic Church (Minneapolis, Minnesota) in the Nicollet Island/East Bank, Minneapolis neighborhood was built in 1856 by Universalists and soon afterward was acquired by a French Catholic congregation. Formed in 1878 as Shaarai Tov, in 1902 the first
Jewish congregation in Minneapolis built the synagogue in
East Isles, Minneapolis known since 1920 as Temple Israel. St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral was founded in 1887, opened a missionary school in 1897 and in 1905 created the first
Russian Orthodox seminary in the U.S. and The first basilica in the U.S., the Roman Catholic
Basilica of Saint Mary near
Loring Park was named by
Pope Pius XI.
(right). The Minneapolis Foundation is located in the IDS Center (center left).The Billy Graham Evangelistic Association,
Decision magazine, and World Wide Pictures film and television distribution were headquartered in Minneapolis for about forty of the years between the late 1940s into the 2000s. Jim Bakker and
Tammy Faye met while attending the Pentecostal North Central University and began a television ministry that by the 1980s reached 13.5 million households. Today, Mount Olivet Evangelical Lutheran Church in America in southwest Minneapolis has 6,000 active members and is the world's largest Lutheran congregation. Christ Church Lutheran in the Longfellow (neighborhood), Minneapolis neighborhood is among the finest work by architect
Eliel Saarinen. The congregation later added an education building designed by his son
Eero Saarinen. and
Philanthropy and charitable giving are part of the community. More than 40% of adults in Minneapolis-St. Paul give time to
volunteer work, the highest percent in the U.S. Catholic Charities is one of the largest providers of social services locally. The American Refugee Committee helps one million refugees and displaced persons in ten countries in Africa, the
Balkans and Asia each year. Although no Minneapolis businesses are top corporate citizens,
Business Ethics was based in Minneapolis and was the predecessor of
CRO magazine for corporate responsibility officers. and The oldest foundation in Minnesota, the Minneapolis Foundation invests and administers over nine hundred charitable funds and connects donors to nonprofit organizations. The metropolitan area gives 13% of its total charitable donations to the arts and culture. The majority of the estimated $1 billion recent expansion of arts facilities was contributed privately.
Health and utilities
, known as HCMCMinneapolis has five hospitals, three ranked among America's best by
U.S. News & World Report—Abbott Northwestern Hospital,
Hennepin County Medical Center (HCMC) and the
University of Minnesota Medical Center. All three were founded under other names during the 1800s and early 1900s. The Britton Center for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota also serve the city. The
Mayo Clinic in
Rochester, Minnesota is a 75-minute drive away.
Cardiac surgery was developed at the university's Variety Club Hospital, where by 1957, more than two hundred patients had survived open-heart operations, many of them children. Working with surgeon C. Walton Lillehei,
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Minneapolis (pronounced ) is the largest city in the
U.S. state of
Minnesota and is the
county seat of Hennepin County, Minnesota. The city lies on both banks of the
Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, Minnesota, the state's
capital. Known as the
Twin Cities, these two cities form the core of
Minneapolis-St. Paul, the fifteenth largest
metropolitan area in the
United States, with about 3.5 million residents. The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the population of the city of Minneapolis at 372,811 people in 2005. The
Metropolitan Council estimate for 2006 was 387,970.
Abundantly rich in water, the city has twenty lakes and wetlands, the Mississippi riverfront, creeks and waterfalls, many connected by parkways in the
Chain of Lakes and the
Grand Rounds Scenic Byway. Once the world's
flour milling capital and a hub for timber, Minneapolis is the primary business center between Chicago, and Seattle, Washington.
regional theatre in the United States was pioneered at the Guthrie Theater, one of many cultural organizations that draw creative people and audiences to Minneapolis for theater, visual art, writing and music. A diverse population, the community has a long tradition of charitable support through progressive public social programs and through private and corporate
philanthropy. Public
park systems are modeled after Minneapolis where a park is within one-half mile (800 metre) of every home.
The name
Minneapolis is attributed to the city's first schoolmaster, who combined
mni, the Dakota language word for water, and
polis, the Greek language word for city. and Minneapolis is nicknamed the
City of Lakes and the
Mill City.
History
was among the 121 Sioux leaders who from 1837 to 1851 ceded what is now Minneapolis.. and and and
Dakota
Sioux were the region's sole residents until
explorers arrived from France in about 1680. Nearby
Fort Snelling, Minnesota, built between 1820 and 1825 by the
United States Army spurred growth in the area. Circumstances pressed the Mdewakanton band of the Dakota to sell their land, allowing people arriving from the east to settle there. The Minnesota Territorial Legislature authorized present day Minneapolis as a town on the Mississippi's west bank in 1856. Minneapolis incorporated as a city in 1867, the year rail service began between Minneapolis and Chicago, and joined with the east bank city of St. Anthony in 1872. and , and and .
, Pillsbury Company, 1939. Photo by John VachonMinneapolis grew up around Saint Anthony Falls, the only
waterfall on the Mississippi. Millers have used
hydropower since the 1st century B.C., but the results in Minneapolis between 1880 and 1930 were so remarkable the city has been described as "the greatest direct-drive waterpower center the world has ever seen." In early years,
forests in northern Minnesota were the source of a lumber industry that operated seventeen
saw mills on power from the waterfall. By 1871, the west river bank had twenty-three businesses including flour mills, woolen mills, iron works, a railroad machine shop, and mills for cotton, paper, sashes, and planing wood. The farmers of the Great Plains grew
grain that was shipped by rail to the city's thirty-four grist mill where Pillsbury Company and General Mills became processors. By 1905 Minneapolis delivered almost 10% of the country's
flour and grist.{{cite book] made enough flour for twelve million loaves of bread each day.
Minneapolis made dramatic changes to rectify
discrimination as early as 1886 when Martha Ripley founded Maternity Hospital for both married and unmarried mothers. When the country's fortunes turned during the
Great Depression, the violent Minneapolis Teamsters Strike of 1934 resulted in laws acknowledging worker's rights. A lifelong civil rights activist and union supporter, mayor
Hubert H. Humphrey helped the city establish Fair Employment Practices Commission and a human relations council that interceded on behalf of minority groups by 1946. Minneapolis contended with
white supremacy, participated in
desegregation and the
African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955-1968), and in 1968 was the birthplace of the
American Indian Movement. and
During the 1950s and 1960s as part of urban renewal, the city razed about two hundred buildings across twenty-five city blocks—roughly 40% of downtown, destroying the
Gateway District (Minneapolis) and many buildings with notable architecture including the Metropolitan Building. Efforts to save the building failed but are credited with jumpstarting interest in historic preservation in the state.
Geography and climate
formed Saint Anthony Falls near Fort Snelling about ten thousand years ago. Rushing water undercut sandstone and collapsed
limestone, moving the falls eight miles (13 km) to the northwest.Minneapolis history and the city's economic growth are tied to water, the city's defining physical characteristic, which was sent to the region during the
Wisconsin glaciation. Fed by receding glaciers and
Lake Agassiz ten thousand years ago, torrents of water from a
Glacial River Warren undercut the Mississippi and Minnehaha riverbeds, creating waterfalls important to modern Minneapolis. and Lying on an
artesian aquifer and otherwise flat terrain, Minneapolis has a total area of 58.4
square mile (151.3 square kilometre) and of this 6% is water. and Water is managed by drainage basin districts that correspond to the Mississippi and the city's three
stream. Twelve lakes, three large ponds and five unnamed wetlands are within Minneapolis.
frozen in winter. Ice blocks deposited in valleys by retreating glaciers created the lakes of Minneapolis.The city center is located just south of 45° N
latitude. The city's lowest elevation of 686 ft (209 m) is near where Minnehaha Creek meets the Mississippi River. The site of the
Prospect Park, Minneapolis Water Tower is often cited as the city's highest point and and and a placard in Deming Heights Park denotes the highest elevation, but a spot at 974 ft (296.8 m) in or near Waite Park in Northeast, Minneapolis is corroborated by Google Earth as the highest ground.
The climate of Minneapolis is typical of the Upper Midwest.
Winters can be cold and dry, while summer is comfortably warm although at times it can be hot and humid. On the
Köppen climate classification, Minneapolis falls in the warm summer humid continental climate zone (
Dfa). The city experiences a full range of precipitation and related weather events, including
snow,
sleet,
ice,
rain, thunderstorms,
tornadoes, and fog. The warmest temperature ever recorded in Minneapolis was 108 °F (42.2 °C) in
1936 North American heat wave, and the coldest temperature ever recorded was -41 °F (-40.6 °C), in January 1888. The snowiest winter of record was 1983–84, when 98.4 in (2.5 m) of snow fell.
Because of its northerly location in the United States and lack of large bodies of water to moderate the air, Minneapolis is sometimes subjected to cold Arctic air masses, especially during late December, January & February. The average annual temperature of 45.4 °F (7 °C) gives the Minneapolis–St.Paul metropolitan area the coldest annual mean temperature of any major metropolitan area in the
continental U.S.45.4 °F for 1971 through 2000 per U.S. Census who cites or 44.6 °F per
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;width:100%;line-height:120%"! colspan="26" |Monthly Normal and Record High and Low Temperatures|-! ! colspan="13" |°Fahrenheit
! ! colspan="13" |°Celsius|-!! Jan! Feb! Mar! Apr! May! Jun! Jul! Aug! Sep! Oct! Nov! Dec!! Jan! Feb! Mar! Apr! May! Jun! Jul! Aug! Sep! Oct! Nov! Dec|-! Rec High| 58| 61| 83| 95| 96| 102| 105| 102| 98| 90| 77| 68! Rec High| 14| 16| 28| 35| 36| 39| 41| 39| 37| 32| 25| 20|-! Norm High| 22| 28| 41| 57| 70| 79| 83| 80| 71| 58| 40| 26! Norm High| -6| -2| 5| 14| 21| 26| 28| 27| 22| 14| 4| -3|-! Norm Low| 4| 12| 24| 36| 49| 58| 63| 61| 51| 39| 25| 11! Norm Low| -16| -11| -4| 2| 9| 14| 17| 16| 11| 4| -4| -7|-! Rec Low| -34| -32| -32| 2| 18| 34| 43| 39| 26| 13| -17| -29! Rec Low| -37| -36| -36| -17| -8| 1| 6| 4| -3| -11| -27| -34|-! Precip (in)| 1| 1| 2| 2| 3| 4| 4| 4| 3| 2| 2| 1! Precip (mm)| 26| 20| 47| 59| 82| 110| 103| 103| 68| 54| 49| 25|}
Demographics
dance. Immigrants from
Europe arrived beginning in the 1860s.During the 1850s and 1860s, new settlers arrived in Minneapolis from New England and New York, and during the mid-1860s, Scandinavians from
Sweden, Norway, and Denmark began to call the city home. Later, immigrants came from
Germany,
Italy, Greece, Poland, and southern and eastern Europe. Jews from Russia and eastern Europe settled primarily on the north side of the city before moving in large numbers to the western suburbs in the 1950s and 1960s. Asians came from China, the Philippines, Japan, and Korea. Two groups came for a short while during U.S. government relocations, Japanese during the 1940s, and
Native Americans in the United States during the 1950s. From 1970 onward, Asians arrived from
Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, and Thailand. Beginning in the 1990s, a large
Latino population arrived, along with refugees from
Africa, especially from
Somalia.
Into the 21st century, Minneapolis continues its heritage of welcoming newcomers. The metropolitan area is an immigrant gateway with a 127% increase in foreign-born residents between 1990 and 2000.
. Minneapolitans have ancestors from five continents.U.S. Census Bureau estimates in 2005 show the population of Minneapolis to be 372,811, a 2.6% drop since the 2000 census. The Metropolitan Council estimates the population at 387,711 in 2005, and 387,970 in 2006. The population grew until 1950 when the census peaked at 521,718, and then declined as people moved to the suburbs until about 1990. The number of African-Americans, Asians, and Hispanics is growing. Non-whites are now about one fifth of the city's residents.
Compared to the U.S. national average in 2005, the city has fewer white, Hispanic, senior, and unemployed people, while it has more people aged over 18 and more with a college degree.
Compared to a peer group in 2000, the metropolitan area is decentralizing, with a high churn rate and a large young and white population and low unemployment. Racial and ethnic minorities lag behind white counterparts in education, with 15% of black and 13% of Hispanic people holding bachelor's degrees compared to 42% of the white population. The standard of living is on the rise, with incomes among the highest in the
Midwestern United States, but median household income among black people is below that of white by over $17,000. Home ownership among black and Hispanic residents is half that of white, and one-third of the Asian population lives below the poverty line.{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;width:100%;text-align:center;line-height:120%"! colspan=17 | U.S. Census Population Estimates|-! Year|
United States Census, 1860|
United States Census, 1870|
United States Census, 1880| United States Census, 1890|
United States Census, 1900| United States Census, 1910|
United States Census, 1920| United States Census, 1930|
United States Census, 1940|
United States Census, 1950|
United States Census, 1960| United States Census, 1970| United States Census, 1980| United States Census, 1990|
United States Census, 2000| 2005|-! Population| style="background:#ddd; color:#000;" | 3,000| style="background:#ddd; color:#000;" | 13,000| style="background:#ddd; color:#000;" | 46,887| style="background:#ddd; color:#000;" | 164,738| style="background:#ddd; color:#000;" | 202,718| style="background:#ddd; color:#000;" | 301,408| style="background:#ddd; color:#000;" | 380,582| style="background:#ddd; color:#000;" | 464,356| style="background:#ddd; color:#000;" | 492,370| style="background:#ddd; color:#000;" | 521,718| 482,872| 434,400| 370,951| 368,383| style="background:#ddd; color:#000;" | 382,618| style="background:#ddd; color:#000;" | 372,811|-! U.S. Rank| -| -| style="background:#ddd; color:#000;" | 38| style="background:#ddd; color:#000;" | 18| 19| style="background:#ddd; color:#000;" | 18| style="background:#ddd; color:#000;" | 18| style="background:#ddd; color:#000;" | 15| 16| 17| 25| 32| 34| 42| -| -|}
Economy
's 350,000 employees operate about 1,500 retail stores in 47 U.S. states.The economy of Minneapolis today is based in commerce, finance, rail and trucking services, health care, and industry. Smaller components are in publishing, milling, food processing, graphic arts, insurance, and high technology. Industry produces metal and automotive products, chemical and agricultural products, electronics, computers, precision medical instruments and devices, plastics, and machinery.
towers reflected in
225 South SixthFive
Fortune 500 headquarters are in Minneapolis proper:
Target Corporation, U.S. Bancorp,
Xcel Energy, Ameriprise Financial and
Thrivent Financial for Lutherans. Fortune 1000 companies in Minneapolis include PepsiAmericas, Valspar Corporation and Donaldson Company. Apart from government, the city's largest employers are Target,
Wells Fargo, Ameriprise,
Marshall Field's, Star Tribune, U.S. Bancorp, Xcel Energy,
IBM,
Piper Jaffray, Royal Bank of Canada, ING Group and Qwest.
Availability of
Wi-Fi, transportation solutions, medical trials, university research and development expenditures, advanced degrees held by the work force, and energy conservation are so far above the national average that in 2005, Popular Science named Minneapolis the "Top Tech City" in the U.S. Minneapolis ranked the country's second best city in a 2006
Kiplinger's Personal Finance poll of
Smart Places to Live and one of the
Seven Cool Cities for young professionals. and
The Twin Cities contribute 63.8% of the gross state product of Minnesota. The area's $145.8 billion
gross metropolitan product and its per capita personal income rank fourteenth in the U.S. Recovering from the nation's recession in 2000, personal income in the United States grew 3.8% in 2005, though it was behind the national average of 5%. The city returned to peak employment during the fourth quarter of that year. and
The
Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, with one branch in Helena, Montana, serves Minnesota, Montana,
North Dakota and
South Dakota, and parts of Wisconsin and
Michigan. The smallest of the twelve regional banks in the Federal Reserve System, it operates a nationwide payments system, oversees member banks and bank holding companies, and serves as a banker for the U.S. Treasury. and The Minneapolis Grain Exchange founded in 1881 is still located near the riverfront and is the only exchange for hard red spring
wheat futures exchange and option (finance)s.
Arts
is one of America's few major art museums with free admission (except special exhibits).
The region is second only to New York City in live theater per capita and is the third-largest theater market in the U.S., supporting the
Theatre de la Jeune Lune, Illusion, Jungle, Mixed Blood Theatre Company, Penumbra, the
Brave New Workshop, the
Minnesota Dance Theatre, Theater Latté Da,
In the Heart of the Beast Theatre, and the
Children's Theatre Company. and French architect Jean Nouvel designed a new three stage complex for the Guthrie Theatre, the prototype alternative to Broadway theatre founded in Minneapolis in 1965. and Minneapolis purchased and renovated the The Historic Orpheum Theatre, State, and Pantages Theatre (Minneapolis)
vaudeville and film houses on
Hennepin Avenue now used for concerts and plays. In 2007, a fourth renovated theater will join the Hennepin Center for the Arts to become the Minnesota Shubert Performing Arts and Education Center, a home to twenty performing arts groups and a provider of Web-based art education.
The
Minneapolis Institute of Arts, built in 1915 in south central Minneapolis is the largest art museum in the city with 100,000 pieces in its permanent collection. A new wing designed by Michael Graves was completed in 2006 for contemporary and modern works and more gallery space. The Walker Art Center near downtown doubled its size with an addition in 2005 by Herzog & de Meuron and is continuing its expansion to 15 acres (.06
square kilometre) with a park designed by Michel Desvigne across the street from the Minneapolis Sculpture Garden. The
Weisman Art Museum, designed by
Frank Gehry for the
University of Minnesota, opened in 1993. An addition, also designed by Gehry, is expected to open in 2009.
studied at the Minnesota Dance Theatre through the Minneapolis Public Schools. and The son of a jazz musician and a singer,
Prince (musician) is Minneapolis' most famous musical progeny. With fellow local musicians, many of whom recorded at
Twin/Tone Records, he helped make First Avenue and the 7th Street Entry venues of choice for both artists and audiences. The
Minnesota Orchestra plays classical and popular music at Orchestra Hall (Minneapolis) under music director
Osmo Vänskä who has set about making it the best in the country. The Minnesota Opera produces both classic and new operas. Celebrating its 100th year, the MacPhail Center for Music is building a new facility near the riverfront.
Tom Waits released two songs about the city,
Christmas Card from a Hooker in Minneapolis (
Blue Valentine 1978) and
9th & Hennepin (
Rain Dogs 1985). Home to the
MN Spoken Word Association, the city has garnered notice for rap and hip hop music and its spoken word community. The underground hip-hop group
Atmosphere (music group) frequently comments in song lyrics on the city and Minnesota.Atmosphere (January 4
2005). "I Wish Those Cats @ Fobia Would Give Me Some Free Shoes" and "Sep Seven Game Show Them" and "7th St. Entry" on
Headshots: SE7EN remastered. Rhymesayers Entertainment, ASIN: B0006SSRXS lyrics.
Sports
catcher
Joe Mauer at bat,
Hubert H. Humphrey MetrodomeProfessional sports are well-established in Minneapolis. First playing in 1884, the
Minneapolis Millers baseball team produced the best won-lost record in their league at the time and contributed fifteen players to the Baseball Hall of Fame. During the 1940s and 1950s the
Los Angeles Lakers basketball team, the city's first in the major leagues in any sport, won six basketball championships in three leagues before moving to Los Angeles. The American Wrestling Association, formerly the
National Wrestling Alliance Minneapolis Boxing & Wrestling Club, operated in Minneapolis from 1960 until the 1990s.
The
Minnesota Vikings and the
Minnesota Twins arrived in the state in 1961. The Vikings were an National Football League
expansion team and the Twins were formed when the
Minnesota Twins relocated to Minnesota. Both teams played outdoors in open air
Metropolitan Stadium in the suburb of Bloomington for twenty years before moving to the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome, where the Twins won the
World Series in
1987 World Series and
1991 World Series. The
Minnesota Timberwolves brought NBA basketball back to Minneapolis in 1989, followed by the
Minnesota Lynx WNBA team in 1999. They play in Target Center. The
NHL ice hockey team
Minnesota Wild and USL First Division soccer team
Minnesota Thunder play in St. Paul, Minnesota.
basketballThe downtown Metrodome, opened in 1982, is the largest sports stadium in Minnesota. The three major tenants are the Vikings, the Twins and the university's Minnesota Golden Gophers football team. The Metrodome is the only stadium in the country to have hosted a Major League Baseball All-Star Game, the Super Bowl, the
World Series, and
NCAA Final Four.
running, walkers, inline skaters, coed
volleyball teams, and touch football teams all have access to "The Dome". Events from sports to concerts, community activities, religious activities, and trade shows are held more than three hundred days per year, making the facility one of the most versatile stadiums in the world. and
Gifted amateur athletes have played in Minneapolis schools, notably starting in the 1920s and 1930s at Central,
De La Salle High School, and Marshall high schools. Since the 1930s, the Golden Gophers have won national championships in men's baseball, boxing, football, golf, gymnastics, ice hockey, indoor and outdoor track, swimming and wrestling and women's gymnastics, ice hockey, indoor track and swimming. and and
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;width:100%;text-align:center;line-height:120%"|-! colspan=5 | Professional Sports in Minneapolis|-! Club !! Sport !! League !! Venue !! Championships|-| Minnesota Lynx ] || Women's National Basketball Association Western Conference ] |||-|
Minnesota Timberwolves ] ||
National Basketball Association Western Conference (NBA) || Target Center ] ||
Baseball ]
American League ] || World Series
1987 World Series and 1991 World Series
|-| Minnesota Vikings ] || National Football League
National Football Conference ]|}
Parks and recreation
May Day Parade,
Powderhorn Park, MinneapolisThe Minneapolis park system has been called the best-designed, best-financed and best-maintained in America. Foresight, donations and effort by community leaders enabled
Horace Cleveland to create his finest
landscape architecture, preserving geographical landmarks and linking them with boulevards and
parkways. and The city's
Chain of Lakes (Minneapolis) is connected by bike, running, and walking paths and used for swimming, fishing, picnics, boating, and ice skating. A parkway for cars, a
bikeway for riders, and a walkway for pedestrians run parallel paths along the 52 mile (83 kilometre) route of the
Grand Rounds Scenic Byway.
Theodore Wirth is credited with the development of the parks system that brought a playground within the reach of most children, the city's canopy of trees, and a park within six blocks of each home. Today 15% of the city is parks and there are 770 square feet (71 m²) of parkland for each resident. and
is part of a 193 acre (.78 square kilometre) city park rather than an urban area, because the waterpower provided by the falls was overshadowed by that of
St. Anthony Falls a few miles upriver and its popularity after
Longfellow's poem
Song of Hiawatha brought visitors to the falls.Parks are interlinked in many places and the Mississippi National River and Recreation Area connects regional parks and visitor centers. The country's oldest public wildflower garden, the Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden and Bird Sanctuary is near Theodore Wirth Park which is shared with Golden Valley, Minnesota and is about 60% the size of Central Park in New York City. and Site of the 53-foot (16 m)
Minnehaha Falls, Minnehaha Park is one of the city's oldest and most popular parks, receiving over 500,000 visitors each year. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow named Hiawatha's wife Minnehaha for the Minneapolis waterfall in his
The Song of Hiawatha, a bestselling and often-parodied 19th century poem.
Runner's World ranks Minneapolis America's sixth best city for runners. The
Twin Cities Marathon run in Minneapolis and St. Paul every October draws 250,000 spectators. The 26.2 mile (42 km) race is a Boston Marathon and
United States at the Olympics Trials qualifier. The organizers sponsor three more races: a Kids Marathon, a 1 mile (1.6 km), and a 10 mile (16 km). Minneapolis is home to more
golfers per capita than any major U.S. city. Five golf courses are located within the city, with nationally renowned
Hazeltine National Golf Club, Bearpath Country Club, and Bunker Hills Golf Course in nearby suburbs. The state of Minnesota has the nation's highest number of
cycling, sport fishing, and
skiing per capita. Hennepin County has the second-highest number of
horses per capita in the U.S. While living in Minneapolis, Scott and Brennan Olson founded (and later sold) Rollerblade, the company that popularized the sport of
inline skates.
Government
, one of the eighty one neighborhoods of MinneapolisMinneapolis is a stronghold for the
Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (DFL), an affiliate of the Democratic Party (United States). The Minneapolis City Council holds the most power and represents the city's thirteen districts called ward (politics)#United States. The council has twelve DFL members and one from the Green Party of Minnesota. R.T. Rybak also of the DFL is the current
List of mayors of Minneapolis. The office of mayor is relatively weak but has some power to appoint individuals such as the chief of police. Parks, libraries, taxation, and public housing are semi-independent boards and levy their own taxes and fees subject to Board of Estimate and Taxation limits. and and and
Citizens have a unique and powerful influence in
neighbourhood government. Neighborhoods coordinate activities under the Neighborhood Revitalization Program (NRP), funded in the 1990s by the city and state who appropriated $400 million for it over twenty years. Minneapolis is divided into communities, each containing neighborhoods. In some cases two or more neighborhoods act together under one organization. Some areas are commonly known by nicknames of business associations. and
The organizers of Earth Day scored Minneapolis ninth best overall and second among mid-sized cities in their 2007
Urban Environment Report, a study based on indicators of environmental health and their effect on people.
Early Minneapolis experienced a period of corruption in local government and crime was common until an economic downturn in the mid 1900s. Since 1950 the population decreased and much of downtown was lost to urban renewal and highway construction. The result was a "moribund and peaceful" environment until the 1990s. Along with economic recovery the murder rate climbed. The
Minneapolis Police Department imported a computer system from
New York City that sent officers to high crime areas despite accusations of
racial profiling; the result was a drop in major crime. Since 1999 the number of homicides increased during four years, and to its highest in recent history in 2006. Politicians debate the causes and solutions, including increasing the number of police officers, providing youths with alternatives to gangs and drugs, and helping families in poverty. For 2007, the city invested in public safety infrastructure, hired over forty new officers, and has a new police chief, Tim Dolan. and
Education
teaching Weisman Art Museum, Coffman Memorial Union and teaching
University of Minnesota Medical CenterMinneapolis Public Schools enroll 36,370 students in public primary education and secondary education schools. The district administers about one hundred public schools including forty-five elementary schools, seven
middle schools, seven
high schools, eight
special education schools, eight
alternative schools, nineteen contract alternative schools and five charter schools. With authority granted by the state legislature, the
school board makes policy, selects the superintendent, and oversees the district's budget, curriculum, personnel, and facilities. Students speak ninety different languages at home and most school communications are printed in English, Hmong, Spanish, and Somali. and and Besides public schools, the city is home to more than twenty private schools and academies and about twenty additional charter schools. and
Minneapolis' collegiate scene is dominated by the main campus of the
University of Minnesota where more than 50,000 undergraduate, graduate, and professional students attend twenty colleges, schools, and institutes. Created in 1851 as a preparatory school, the university is noted for engineering, applied mathematics, management, health, and economics and administers more than 140 research facilities. A Big Ten Conference school and home of the Golden Gophers, the U of M is the fourth List of largest United States universities by enrollment in the U.S. in terms of enrollment.
Minneapolis Community and Technical College, the private
Dunwoody College of Technology, and
Art Institutes International Minnesota provide career training. Augsburg College, Minneapolis College of Art and Design, North Central University, and
University of St. Thomas (Minnesota) are private four-year colleges.
Capella University, Minnesota School of Professional Psychology, and
Walden University are headquartered in Minneapolis and some others including the public four-year Metropolitan State University have campuses there.
The Minneapolis Public Library system operates the city's public libraries. It faced a severe budget shortfall for 2007, and has been forced to close three of its neighborhood libraries. A merger with
Hennepin County Library is proposed but not funded. The new downtown Central Library designed by César Pelli opened in 2006. Ten special collections hold over 25,000 books and resources for researchers, including the Minneapolis Collection and the Minneapolis Photo Collection. At recent count 1,696,453 items in the system are used annually and the library answers over 500,000 research and fact-finding questions each year.
Transportation
The collapse of the eight-lane
I-35W Mississippi River bridge over the Mississippi on
2007-08-01 killed thirteen people and injured about one hundred. The tragedy revealed that seventy thousand or 12% of the bridges in the U.S. had the same deficiency rating in 2006. and Half of Minneapolis-Saint Paul residents work in the city where they live. Most residents drive
automobiles but 60% of the 160,000 people working downtown commute by means other than a single person per auto. Alternative transportation is encouraged. The Metropolitan Council's Metro Transit (Minnesota), which operates the
light rail system and most of the city's buses, provides free travel vouchers through the
Guaranteed Ride Home program to allay fears that commuters might otherwise be occasionally stranded if, for example, they work late hours. The Hiawatha Line LRT serves 34,000 riders daily and connects the Minneapolis-St. Paul International
Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport and Mall of America to downtown. and The planned Central Corridor (Minnesota) LRT will connect downtown with the University of Minnesota and downtown St. Paul via University Avenue (Minneapolis-St. Paul). Expected completion is in 2014.
Seven miles (11 km) of enclosed pedestrian bridges called skyways link eighty city blocks downtown. Second floor restaurants and retailers connected to these passageways are open weekdays. and
The taxicab ordinance requires 10% wheelchair accessibility by 2009 and some use of alternative fuel or fuel efficient vehicles. Starting in 2011 the city's limit of 343 taxis will be lifted.
LRT bicycle rackTen thousand cyclists use the bike lanes in the city each day, and many ride in the winter. The Public Works Department expanded the
bicycle trail system from the
Grand Rounds Scenic Byway to 56 miles (90 km) of off-street commuter trails including the Midtown Greenway, the Light Rail Trail, Kenilworth Trail, Cedar Lake Trail and the West River Parkway Trail along the Mississippi. Minneapolis also has 34 miles (54 km) of dedicated bike lanes on city streets and encourages cycling by equipping transit buses with bike racks and by providing online bicycle maps. Many of these trails and bridges, such as the
Stone Arch Bridge, were former railroad lines that have now been converted for bicycles and pedestrians. In 2007 citing the city's bicycle lanes, buses and LRT,
Forbes identified Minneapolis the world's fifth cleanest city.
Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport (MSP) sits on 3,400 acres (13.7 square kilometre) southeast of the city between Minnesota State Highway 5,
Interstate 494,
Minnesota State Highway 77, and Minnesota State Highway 62 (east). The airport serves three international, twelve domestic, seven charter and four regional carriers and is a hub and home base for Northwest Airlines, Mesaba Airlines, Sun Country Airlines and Champion Air.
Amtrak's Empire Builder between Chicago and Seattle stops once daily in each direction at nearby
Midway (Amtrak station) in St. Paul. Expected to open in 2009, a commuter rail line, the
Northstar Corridor between downtown and Big Lake, Minnesota has been funded. It will utilize existing railroad tracks and will serve a projected 5,000 daily commuters.
Media
satellite dishesFour major newspapers are published in Minneapolis: the daily Minneapolis
Star Tribune, the
Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder,
Finance and Commerce, and the university's
Minnesota Daily. A fifth newspaper,
MinnPost.com is expected to open later in 2007. Other publications are the
City Pages weekly, the
Mpls.St.Paul,
Minnesota Monthly, and
The Rake monthlies, and
Utne Magazine magazine. Minneapolis is a center for printing and publishing and was a natural place for artists to build the Loft Literary Center and the Minnesota Center for Book Arts. The city is ranked America's second most literate.
The New York Times said in 1996, "Now there are T-shirts that read, 'Murderapolis,'" a name for the city that members of the local media have mistakenly attributed to the paper. and and
radio, Cedar-Riverside, Minneapolis, is a Public access television station.Minneapolis has a mix of radio stations and healthy listener support for public radio but in the commercial market, a single organization Clear Channel Communications operates seven stations. Listeners support three non-profit stations, the Minneapolis Public Schools and the University of Minnesota each operate a station, the networks broadcast on affiliate stations, and religious organizations run two stations. and
The city's first television was broadcast by the St. Paul station and American Broadcasting Company affiliate KSTP-TV. The first to broadcast in color was
WCCO-TV, the CBS affiliate which is located in downtown Minneapolis. The city also receives Fox Broadcasting Company,
NBC,
Public Broadcasting Service, MyNetworkTV and The CW Network through their affiliates and one independent station. Twins Brandon and Brenda Walsh were from Minneapolis on the TV series
Beverly Hills, 90210.
American Idol held auditions for its sixth season in Minneapolis in 2006 and
Last Comic Standing held auditions for its fifth season in Minneapolis in 2007. A statue of Mary Tyler Moore downtown on the Nicollet Mall commemorates the 1970s television situation comedy fictionally based in Minneapolis,
The Mary Tyler Moore Show. It was awarded three
Golden Globe Awards and thirty-one
Emmy Awards.and
Religion and charity
in Loring Park across I-94 from the Minneapolis Sculpture GardenThe Dakota believed in the Great Spirit and were surprised that not all European settlers were religious. Over fifty denominations and religions and some well known churches have since been established in Minneapolis. Those who arrived from New England were for the most part Christian Protestants,
Quakers, and Universalists. The oldest continuously used church in the city, Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic Church (Minneapolis, Minnesota) in the
Nicollet Island/East Bank, Minneapolis neighborhood was built in 1856 by Universalists and soon afterward was acquired by a French Catholic congregation. Formed in 1878 as Shaarai Tov, in 1902 the first Jewish congregation in Minneapolis built the synagogue in East Isles, Minneapolis known since 1920 as Temple Israel. St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral was founded in 1887, opened a missionary school in 1897 and in 1905 created the first
Russian Orthodox seminary in the U.S. and The first basilica in the U.S., the Roman Catholic Basilica of Saint Mary near
Loring Park was named by
Pope Pius XI.
(right). The Minneapolis Foundation is located in the IDS Center (center left).The
Billy Graham Evangelistic Association,
Decision magazine, and World Wide Pictures film and television distribution were headquartered in Minneapolis for about forty of the years between the late 1940s into the 2000s. Jim Bakker and
Tammy Faye met while attending the Pentecostal North Central University and began a television ministry that by the 1980s reached 13.5 million households. Today, Mount Olivet Evangelical Lutheran Church in America in southwest Minneapolis has 6,000 active members and is the world's largest Lutheran congregation.
Christ Church Lutheran in the Longfellow (neighborhood), Minneapolis neighborhood is among the finest work by architect Eliel Saarinen. The congregation later added an education building designed by his son
Eero Saarinen. and
Philanthropy and charitable giving are part of the community. More than 40% of adults in Minneapolis-St. Paul give time to volunteer work, the highest percent in the U.S. Catholic Charities is one of the largest providers of social services locally. The
American Refugee Committee helps one million refugees and displaced persons in ten countries in Africa, the
Balkans and Asia each year. Although no Minneapolis businesses are top corporate citizens,
Business Ethics was based in Minneapolis and was the predecessor of
CRO magazine for corporate responsibility officers. and The oldest foundation in Minnesota, the Minneapolis Foundation invests and administers over nine hundred charitable funds and connects donors to nonprofit organizations. The metropolitan area gives 13% of its total charitable donations to the arts and culture. The majority of the estimated $1 billion recent expansion of arts facilities was contributed privately.
Health and utilities
, known as HCMCMinneapolis has five hospitals, three ranked among America's best by
U.S. News & World Report—Abbott Northwestern Hospital,
Hennepin County Medical Center (HCMC) and the
University of Minnesota Medical Center. All three were founded under other names during the 1800s and early 1900s. The Britton Center for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and
Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota also serve the city. The Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota is a 75-minute drive away.
Cardiac surgery was developed at the university's Variety Club Hospital, where by 1957, more than two hundred patients had survived open-heart operations, many of them children. Working with surgeon C. Walton Lillehei,
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